Psychometric properties of dyadic data from the Marital Quality Scale of Indonesian Javanese couples

Abstract Background Researchers have demonstrated that various measurement concepts and dimensions depend on context and timing. Objectives The current study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Javanese couples' marital quality scale based on validity and reliability Methods In total 840 participants or 420 marital dyad from Java, Indonesia, were involved in this study. The psychometrics properties scale was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant analysis, and composite reliability. Results The exploratory factor analysis found relationship quality to consist of support, physical proximity, warmth, communication, acceptance and respect, role sharing, and responsibility factors. Well-being quality consists of happiness, harmony, and problem-solving. The fit of the measurement model was obtained using confirmatory factor analysis. The fit model was also found in the husband's and wife's groups, with no differences between them. The high correlations between wife-husband factors also proved the validity based on convergent and discriminant evidence. The reliability coefficient was high for each dimension and construct. Discussion This analysis shows that the marital quality scale developed has information on psychometric properties that can be useful for researchers and the practicians using the marital quality instrument of Javanese couples in particular.

Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence using cone-beam computed tomography imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: A scoping review and meta-analysis

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review and meta-analysis to provide overall estimates of the recall and precision of artificial intelligence for detection and segmentation using oral and maxillofacial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. @*Materials and Methods@#A literature search was done in Embase, PubMed, and Scopus through October 31, 2022 to identify studies that reported the recall and precision values of artificial intelligence systems using oral and maxillofacial CBCT images for the automatic detection or segmentation of anatomical landmarks or pathological lesions. Recall (sensitivity) indicates the percentage of certain structures that are correctly detected. Precision (positive predictive value) indicates the percentage of accurately identified structures out of all detected structures. The performance values were extracted and pooled, and the estimates were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). @*Results@#In total, 12 eligible studies were finally included. The overall pooled recall for artificial intelligence was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87-0.94). In a subgroup analysis, the pooled recall was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94) for detection and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87-0.96) for segmentation. The overall pooled precision for artificial intelligence was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88-0.95). A subgroup analysis showed that the pooled precision value was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.77-0.96) for detection and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89-0.97) for segmentation. @*Conclusion@#Excellent performance was found for artificial intelligence using oral and maxillofacial CBCT images.(Imaging Sci Dent 2023; 53: 101-8)

Effect of Addition Tempeh Flour on Calcium, Protein, Water Content and Acceptance in Catfish Meatballs

@#Introduction: More than 50% of women in each country suffer from dysmenorrhea.This can be painful during menstruation and affect 50% of a woman’s daily activities. Calcium can reduce muscle cramps after contractions. Tempeh and catfish are calcium-rich foods that people often eat, but the variety of processed products available is limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility and compatibility of catfish meatballs with tempeh flour added with SNI fish meatballs as a healthy diet food for reducing dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Method: The research design applied was true experimental with 12 experimental units. The calcium content of the samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), the protein content used the Kjeldahl technique, the water content used the Oven method, and the acceptance test used the Hedonic Scale Test on adolescent. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA, and the acceptance test results were analyzed using the Friedman test with significance level α=0.05. The proportion of tempeh flour on catfish meatballs was 0% (P0), 10%, 20% and 30% (P10, P20, and P30). Results: The results showed that the adding tempeh flour could improve the levels of calcium, protein, and acceptability (taste) of catfish meatballs. The addition of 10 percent (P10) tempeh flour was an acceptable composition of the taste, but its value did not differ significantly from other recipes. Conclusion: Catfish meatballs P30 has the highest calcium and protein content. Further research is needed to fine-tune the flavor and confirm its effectiveness in reducing menstrual cramps.

Effect of Seven-contact Breastfeeding on the Knowledge, Motivation, and Ability of Breastfeeding during the First Eightweeks Postpartum

@#Introduction: A minimum of seven-contacts with health personnel is required to successfully breastfeed for six months exclusively. Furthermore, non-exclusively breastfed babies have a six-fold risk of dying in the first year, increased susceptibility to disease, and cognitive loss. This study aims to determine the effect of the seven-contact program on the knowledge, motivation, and mothers’ ability to breastfeed at 8 weeks postpartum. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from July to December 2020. About 37 samples of mothers with a gestational age of 28 weeks at the Maternity Clinic in Medan were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The data were obtained from the questionnaires and observation sheets and analyzed using the paired t-test. Results: The results showed that knowledge, motivation, and mothers’ ability to breastfeed were significantly different before and after the seven-contact breastfeeding intervention with a p-value of 0.001<0.005. Conclusion: Seven-contact breastfeeding intervention increases pregnant women’s knowledge, motivation, and ability to breastfeed during the first eight weeks after delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage pregnant women to apply the Seven-contact Breastfeeding to improve and support their journey.

Bio-guided Isolation of Natural Iron Chelators from Mangifera indica Leaves and their Comparative Study to Desferal®

Through bio-guided isolation, two natural iron chelators were isolated from Mangifera indica L. leaves, identified as mangiferin (1) and iriflophenone-3-C-β-D-glucoside (2). Their iron-chelating activity was compared to that of Desferal® using bipyridyl assay and EDTA as a standard. Mangiferin showed the highest activity with IC50 value of 0.385 mM (162.85 μg/mL). Furthermore, two combinations of mangiferin with Desferal® (M-D) and iriflophenone-3-C-β-D-glucoside (M-I) were evaluated. The results showed that mangiferin potentiated the iron chelation activity of Desferal® about 46%, also that M-I combination is a promising candidate formula for iron chelation therapy. In addition, mangiferin and Desferal-iron complexes were prepared and characterized by IR, UV, and Mass spectra to compare their mode of chelation to iron. Their structural stability was studied by DFT calculations. Furthermore, they displayed increased ABTS antioxidant activity when bound to iron as compared to their free form, which enhances their pharmacological importance.

A Two Years Retrospective Study on Epidemiology Characteristics of Sexually Transmitted Infections From Malaysian Private Healthcare Perspective

@#Introduction: Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) are major public health concerns reaching an all-time high, globally. In Malaysia data on the prevalence of STIs remains scarce which limits the understanding of STI transmission dynamics and the role of interventions in the control of STIs. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology characteristics of STIs mainly from Malaysian private healthcare institutions. Method: A two years (2016 and 2017) retrospective review was conducted on 160 multiplex RT-PCR STI reports from KPJ hospitals, Malaysia. Results: There were 65 (40.6 %) patients positive STIs [male: 21/65 (32.3 %); female: 44/65 (67.7 %)]. The STIs was prevalent among young adults (56/65; 86.2 %) from the central region (46/65; 70.8 %). Females had 1.7 times greater risk to develop STI (20 per 100) and two times higher chance to have multiple STIs (10 per 100) in comparison to male. The single STIs was caused mainly by U. parvum (N=17). In males, U. urealyticum (N=3) and C. trachomatis (N=3) were prevalent, while U. parvum (N=15) was prevalent in females. There were 19 dual infections of STIs which were commonly caused by U. parvum and M. hominis (N=5). There were seven STIs cases caused by three pathogens concurrently including U. urealyticum, U. parvum and C. trachomatis (N=2) and U. urealyticum, M. genitalium and C. trachomatis (N=2). Females from urban communities have higher risk in comparison to males for developing multiple STIs. Conclusion: This study provides an imperative platform for temporal trends of STIs in Malaysia which reflects the health status of certain populations that warrant immediate public health interventions.

Pharmacist in Media: Role in Healthcare and Public Perception (Ahli Farmasi dalam Media: Peranan dalam Penjagaan Kesihatan dan Persepsi Awam) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#The use of Internet and social media for health information sharing is expanding among public, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals over the past few years. Research investigating the use of Internet and social media in the practice of pharmacy is growing, however, little is known on the delivery of pharmacy services through these media platforms. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the roles of pharmacist in media in providing healthcare information, to evaluate public perception and acceptance towards pharmacist using media as a platform information sharing and to find out public expectation towards pharmacy services in media. A total of 200 respondents were recruited by random sampling in this cross-sectional study. Study duration was from October until November 2019. The self-administered questionnaire was adapted from previous study investigating the public preferred source of healthcare advices. Majority of the respondents agree that media platforms can be used by pharmacist to improve patient-pharmacist communication with 76.5% expected that social media has the potential to become an established channel for patient-pharmacist communication. 61.0% of the respondents also acknowledged pharmacist to be very knowledgeable on health-related information by providing accurate information. This study provided insights into the public view towards the roles of pharmacist and their expectation towards pharmacist sharing health-related information in media platforms. Participants recognized the potential use of media platforms for healthcare information sharing. To enhance pharmacist presence and impact on public health through digital media platforms, it is important to start incorporating digital medium into their pharmacy services.

Irradiation Time of Photodynamic Therapy to the Number of Lactobacillus acidophilus

ABSTRACT@#Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is one of the etiological agents for dental caries and dominant in the deep carious lesion. L. acidophilus has also been identified in persistent root canal infection and also related to the failure of endodontic treatment. Photodynamic therapy is a therapeutic process involving the combination of a nontoxic photosensitizer and a light source. The excited photosensitizer reacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce injury and death of the microorganism. This study aimed to prove the effect of irradiation time of photodynamic therapy to the number of L. acidophilus. Forty-two Eppendorf tubes were treated with 0.5 ml L. acidophilus distributed into seven groups. Group 1 as the control group received no treatment. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were treated with a combination of 0.5 ml toluidine blue O (TBO) as a photosensitizer and 630 nm photoactivated (Fotosan®) exposure time for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 sec. Then, all were stored in an incubator of 37ºC for 48 h. Later, the colony-forming unit (CFU) was counted for each group. There were significant differences in the number of L. acidophilus in CFU of the various irradiation times. The longer the photodynamic therapy irradiation was, the lesser the number of live L. acidophilus became. At 50 sec and 60 sec irradiation, none of the L. acidophilus was found alive.

Bio-guided Isolation of Natural Iron Chelators from Mangifera indica Leaves and their Comparative Study to Desferal®

Through bio-guided isolation, two natural iron chelators were isolated from Mangifera indica L. leaves, identified as mangiferin (1) and iriflophenone-3-C-β-D-glucoside (2). Their iron-chelating activity was compared to that of Desferal® using bipyridyl assay and EDTA as a standard. Mangiferin showed the highest activity with IC50 value of 0.385 mM (162.85 μg/mL). Furthermore, two combinations of mangiferin with Desferal® (M-D) and iriflophenone-3-C-β-D-glucoside (M-I) were evaluated. The results showed that mangiferin potentiated the iron chelation activity of Desferal® about 46%, also that M-I combination is a promising candidate formula for iron chelation therapy. In addition, mangiferin and Desferal-iron complexes were prepared and characterized by IR, UV, and Mass spectra to compare their mode of chelation to iron. Their structural stability was studied by DFT calculations. Furthermore, they displayed increased ABTS antioxidant activity when bound to iron as compared to their free form, which enhances their pharmacological importance.

Awareness of First Aid in Different Burn Degrees and its Surgical and Psychiatric Aspects on Patients, in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: Burn injuries are one of the most traumatizing and damaging wounds. Causing considerable mortality, prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement, disability, often with resulting social stigma, rejection, psychiatric issues in long run. We aimed to assess the knowledge of general population on first aid and surgical intervention in different degrees of burns and psychiatric aspect on patients; so, the results of this study could help to manage burn injuries. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted in shopping malls of Hail KSA. Data was collected from the audience who attended Health Awareness Campaign on Burns between 15th of December 2019 and 15th of January 2020. Data was fed and analysed by using SPSS version 23. Results: Forty-seven Percent of the respondents have received information on burns. Half of respondents had history of either oneself being affected by burn incident or any one of their close relatives. Out of 273 burn cases, 65 had complications later. Almost 29% developed psychiatric issues after that incidence but just 8% consulted Psychiatrist. Only 2% were familiar with the surgical aspect for healing of second-degree burn. Conclusion: Knowledge of respondents on the burn’s issues is very scanty as revealed in our results. 15%-24% 0f respondents did not know what to do in 1-3 degree of burns that is very alarming. Just 16% knew that there is any role of Plastic Surgery in 3rd degree burns. Twenty-nine Percent had suffered from psychiatric problems after burn incident but just 8% consulted any Psychiatric and those were ones who had total monthly income ≥ 10,000 Saudi Riyals (p ≤ 0.05). These results emphasize the importance of implementing Health Awareness Campaigns in community and in institutions that could minimize burn incidents and psychiatric issues in general population.

Hypoalbuminemia and Central Venous Catheter as Risk Factors for Multidrug-resistant Healthcare-associated Pneumonia in an Intensive Care Setting

The rapid emergence of antibiotic­resistant bacteria is a threat to global health particularly in the area of healthcare­associate pneumonia (HCAP) where there is high rate of mortality. In general, guidelines should serve as a framework that needs to be complemented by local antibiogram data due to multiple factors influencing the development of multidrug­resistant (MDR) HCAP. Failure to administer prompt and appropriate empirical therapy would often result in a high mortality rate. Based on these concerns, the aim of the study was to evaluate the appropriate empirical use of antibiotic and risk factors of MDR HCAP based on local pathogen resistant pattern. This was a retrospective analysis on HCAP in critical care of a tertiary­care hospital with data fromJanuary 2016 to December 2018. Patients diagnosed with HCAP: hospital­associated pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator­associated pneumonia (VAP), with positive bacterial cultures were included into the study. Of the 269 patients and isolates included, 160 (59.5%) had MDR strains. The top causative pathogens isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii(n=104, 38.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=66, 24.5%), Klebsiella spp(n==55, 20.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus(n=16, 5.9%). The incidence of inappropriate empirical antibiotic was significantly higher in patients with MDR HCAP (n=135, 84.4%) compared to those with non­MDR HCAP (n=34, 31.2%) (p < 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in patients receiving inappropriate empirical therapy (n = 118, 72.4%) compared to those receiving appropriate empirical antibiotic (n = 36, 54.5%) (P = 0.009). The independent risk factors for MDR HCAP identified in this study were hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio [OR] 3.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08 –10.87, p = 0.036) and indwelling central venous catheter (OR 5.65, 95% CI 1.13 –28.18, p = 0.035). This work serves as a basis for a center­specific guideline to improve antibiotic use among HCAP patients in intensive care setting.

Occurrence of common diseases due to habitual food habit or other habit among the students from different regions of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Background:There are some common diseases found among the students of different areas in Bangladesh which are either communicable or non-communicable. Different infectious diseases occur due to lack of hygiene practice and non-infectious diseases are developed because of many irregular daily habits all over the world. Our aim was to evaluate the habit of practicing hygiene and other daily activities to observe their impacts on the health status among the students from different regions of Chattogram in Bangladesh.Methods:With ethical approval, questionnaire forms of daily habits/activities were filled up by 750 students of different educational institutions. The data were analysed afterwards. Results:Among the population of the study 89% (n=667) students werefound to take regular bath; hand washing was regular among 32% (n=240) students, 54% (n=405) students were irregular in hand washing and the rests wash their hands rarely; on the other hand 41% (n=308) students consume street foods regularly; 38% (n=285) students wear eyeglasses due to weak sight; 23% (n=173) suffer from different skin diseases and 63% (n=473) students usually suffer from different gastro intestinal diseases.Conclusions:Our results are not so frustrating, but also not so much good as majority of the students are fond of unhealthy street foods, don’t wash hands regularly and more than half of the students suffer from GI tract diseases with other health problems. It could be recommended that some daily habits including avoiding street foods, intake of sufficient drinking water and hygiene practices should be improved more.

A Meta-Analysis on the Performance of Cystatin C- versus Creatinine-based eGFR Equations in Predicting Vancomycin Clearance

Background@#The objective of this study was to compare the performance of cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations in predicting the clearance of vancomycin. @*Methods@#MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from inception up to September 2019 to identify all studies that compared the predictive performance of cystatin C- and/or creatinine-based eGFR in predicting the clearance of vancomycin. The prediction errors (PEs) (the value of eGFR equations minus vancomycin clearance) were quantified for each equation and were pooled using a random-effects model. The root mean squared errors were also quantified to provide a metric for imprecision. @*Results@#This meta-analysis included evaluations of seven different cystatin C- and creatinine-based eGFR equations in total from 26 studies and 1,234 patients. The mean PE (MPE) for cystatin C-based eGFR was 4.378 mL min −1 (95% confidence interval [CI], −29.425, 38.181), while the creatinine-based eGFR provided an MPE of 27.617 mL min −1 (95% CI, 8.675, 46.560) in predicting clearance of vancomycin. This indicates the presence of unbiased results in vancomycin clearance prediction by the cystatin C-based eGFR equations.Meanwhile, creatinine-based eGFR equations demonstrated a statistically significant positive bias in vancomycin clearance prediction. @*Conclusion@#Cystatin C-based eGFR equations are better than creatinine-based eGFR equations in predicting the clearance of vancomycin. This suggests that utilising cystatin C-based eGFR equations could result in better accuracy and precision to predict vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters.

Expression of Histo-blood Group Antigens in Tumor and Adjacent Normal Breast Tissues as Prognostic Markers of Breast Carcinoma / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Aberrant glycosylation of the histo-blood group antigens (including the angina bullosa haemorrhagica [ABH]) is often observed during malignant transformation in most types of carcinomas. Data concerning their ethnic distributions are diverse which explains why their biological characteristics have to be studied in different populations. Our aim was to analyze the expression of the histo-blood group (specifically the ABH) antigens in breast carcinoma.METHODS: The expression of the histo-blood group (specifically the ABH) antigens was studied in 109 patients with breast carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using χ² and Fisher analyses.RESULTS: The loss of expression of histo-blood group (ABH) antigens in breast carcinoma was observed in 81.13% of patients with blood group O, 37.93% with blood group A, and 96.30% with blood group B. One key finding of this study was that the loss of expression of the ABH antigen was also observed in normal tissues adjacent to the tumor. The loss of expression was associated with higher tumor grade (p < 0.05). Expression of H antigen was observed in 50% of cases with loss of expression of B antigen and was associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression (p < 0.05). The loss of H antigen in patients with blood group O was associated with estrogen receptor expression (p < 0.001). Incompatible A antigen in tumor was expressed in 20.75% of patients with blood group O.CONCLUSION: Loss of the ABH antigens correlated with the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson histologic grading. H antigen was associated with HER2 overexpression in breast cancer. However, further studies are needed to determine the role of incompatible A antigen in mammary carcinogenesis.

Lip Print Analysis in Malaysian Chinese Population (Klang Valley): Lipstick-Cellophane Tape Technique (Analisis Cap Bibir Populasi Cina Malaysia di Lembah Klang: Teknik Gincu-Pita Selofan) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Cheiloscopy is recognized as a tool for personal identification due to its strength in criminalistics. In this study, the lip print of Malaysian Chinese population in Klang Valley was used for gender determination using lipstick-cellophane technique. 412 subjects (203 males and 209 females) were selected conveniently. Lipstick was first applied on the lips and the lip print was lifted using cellophane tape prior to pasting them onto a plain A4 paper and analysis using magnifying glass. Six topography areas of lip prints were classified using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification, including upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower right, lower middle and lower left. Chi-square test showed that all lip sections were significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). Type II was the dominant pattern in four lip sections for both genders: upper left (male 81.3%, female 57.4%), upper right (male 71.9%, female 42.9%), lower left (male 98.0%, female 90.0%) and lower right (male 96.1%, female 86.1%). Type IV was the dominant pattern for both middle part of the lips; upper middle (male 56.2%, female 50.7%) and lower middle (male 62.6%, female 50.2%). The results showed that gender can be differentiated based on lip print patterns. This finding suggested that cheiloscopy could be used in aiding personal identification for forensic investigation.

Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude Related to Hypertension and Garlic Supplement in an Urban Population (Pengetahuan Kesedaran dan Sikap Berkaitan dengan Hipertensi dan Supplemen Bawang Putih di Kalangan Penduduk Bandar) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Garlic has gained popularity worldwide as a non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension but its use in Malaysia is still moderate. This study was undertaken among Malaysian urban population to assess their knowledge, awareness and attitude towards garlic supplement. This study is a cross sectional study and was carried out from February to May 2015. A total of 202 respondents took part in the study with 45% (n=91) taking garlic supplement. The result demonstrated that there was a significant negative correlation with age and knowledge score (r=-0.15, p=0.03). Majority of the respondents were unaware (n=61/202, 69.8%) that garlic has blood pressure lowering properties. Most preferred conventional medicines (n=119/202, 58.9%) over garlic supplement (n=83/202, 41.1%). However, most of the respondents (n=176/202, 87.1%) were interested to know more about the use of garlic for hypertension. There is no significant correlation between knowledge, awareness and attitude of respondents towards garlic supplement.

The Prevalence Of Interstitial Lung Disease In Systemic Sclerosis Patients

OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of interstitial lung disease in Systemic Sclerosis patients at the Royal Hospital and compare our data with the literature. METHODS:All adult Omani patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) who are under regular follow-up at the Royal Hospital were retrospectively enrolled from January 2006 to January 2014. RESULTS: A total of 49 cases of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients were included. The mean age was 44.06 ± 11.9 years. There was a predominance of females (48 cases; 98%). Interstitial lung disease present in 30 cases (61%). The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea 47%, cough 33%, and others (e.g. atypical chest pain) 20%. There was no association with smoking, non-smoker (47 cases, 95.5%) versus ex. smoker (2 cases, 4%). The most high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) finding was traction bronchiectasis (21 cases, 42.9%) followed by honey comb appearance (19 cases, 38.8%). Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) was done in 33 cases. The mean total lung capacity (TLC) was 81. 06 ± 26.2. The mean diffusion lung capacity (DLCO) was 61.8± 28.3. Pulmonary hypertension was found in 10 cases only (20.4%) based on echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS: ILD was present in 30 cases out of 49 cases of SSc (61.2%) with female predominance. The most frequently observed HRCT change was traction bronchiectasis. Similarities and differences were found with respect to the previous reports from other countries.

Transfusion Induced Allergic Reactions Among The Patients Of Aplastic Anaemia – A Case Control Study From Bangladesh.

Background:Allergic transfusion reactions (ALTR) are very common complication of blood transfusion. Advances in transfusion medicine have significantly decreased the incidence of ALTR; however, ALTR continue to be burdensome for transfusion dependent patients. It increases their existing sufferings. Allergic reaction is more common in platelet concentrate transfusion because stored platelet concentrate supernatants (PCSNs) accumulate striking levels of biological response modifiers (BRMs) during storage. Objective: To determine the risk factors of allergic reactions in platelate concentrate transfusion. Method: It is a case control study enrolled a total of 64 diagnosed case of aplastic anaemia receiving transfusion of platelet concentrate at Department of Transfusion Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, from May 2015 to April 2016. Among them 32 case of aplastic anaemia having allergic reaction due to transfusion of platelet concentrate was considered as group I (case) and rest 32 patients not developed allergic transfusion reaction due to transfusion of platelet concentrate was considered as group II (control). Patients age belong to 5 - 50 years and both sex and also patients getting transfusion of plate late concentrate were enrolled in this study. Statistical analysis: Statistical analyses were carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Chi-Square test, Odds ratio with 95% CI used to analyze the categorical variables, shown with cross tabulation. Student ttest used for continuous variables. Significant value of 'p' was decided to be at a level of 0.05 in two tailed tests. Result: The mean age was found 22.1±11.58 years in group I and 23.5±3.8 years in group II. Twenty four (75.0%) patients were male in group I and 17(53.1%) patients in group II. Almost twenty (62.5%) patients come from urban area in group I and 19(59.4%) in group II. In group I, thirty two (100.0%) patients had urticarialrash, 100.0% had itching, 37.5% had angioedema, 3.1% had cough, 3.1% had chest pain, 3.1% had respiratory distress, 3.1% had fever and 3.1% had vomiting. Almost twenty(62.5%) patients had tachycardia (>100 bpm) in group I and all patients had normal pulse in group II.Thirty two (100.0%) patients had normal blood pressure in both group. In group I, 31(96.9%) patients developed mild allergic reaction, 3.1% moderate allergic reaction. Majority (40.6%) patients belonged to age 16-30 years in present allergic transfusion reaction and 11(34.3%) in absent allergic transfusion reaction. Most (40.6%) of the patients was found blood group B in present allergic transfusion reaction and 11(34.4%) in absent allergic transfusion reaction. Multiple unit of PC transfusion increases 3.69 times risk to develop allergic transfusion reactions with 95% CI 0.99 to 14.44%.Platelet concentrate storage>3daysincreases 5.95timesrisktodevelopallergic transfusionreactionwith95%CI1.75to21.09%. Conclusion: Multiple unit (≥2) transfusion and Platelet concentrate storage >3 days were significantly (p<0.05) associated with allergic transfusion reactions but no significant association was found between allergic transfusion reactions with age and Blood group.

Neurohistological Changes in the Spinal Cord of Albino Rats after Inhalational Exposure to Pyrethroid Based Mosquito Repellent

Background: The use of liquid vaporizers as residential insecticides to control the problem of mosquito bites and to prevent adult, newborns and children from deadly vector borne diseases like Malaria, Dengue and chikungunya etc. is ever increasing. These products contain pyrethroid and emit parallethrin vapours when put to use at home. There are numerous side effects of these vapours like allergic sinusitis, difficulty in respiration, sleep disturbance, giddiness, headache, body ache and lethargy but the market for these product decides the outcome of all the research concerned with its safety. Histological studies can establish their toxic effects on Spinal Cord, cervical and lumbar enlargements in the White and Grey matter that forms structural continuity with the CNS. Accordingly the present  study was planned to assess the safety of  pyrethroid based mosquito repellent inhalational use and the histological insult to the spinal cord of  Albino rats. Methods: Total of twenty albino rats were equally divided into control and experimental group. The experimental group was exposed  to 3.2% w/v prallethrin vapours for total of 12 hours per day for 180 days. The control group rats was exposed to identical situation but without any exposure. The albino rats  were sacrificed after the study period of exposure of 180 days. Spinal cord dissected., tissue processed, sectioned and stained with  haematoxylin, eosin and thionin. Results: Grey matter of the spinal cord at cervical and lumbar enlargement showed numerous vacuoles with lightly stained cell body of neurons and Nissl’s dissolution with occasional inflammatory cells. Conclusions: Neurohistological study, inhalational route, neurotoxicity, adult albino rats, prallethrin vapours, spinal cord.

Incidence and spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by regions of economic development in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: The establishment of regional development poles in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil was characterized by industrial expansion and consequent concerns about the increase in the occurrence of diseases, specifically those having long latency periods, as is the case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Methods: The study included 367 patients diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia over a ten-year period at a reference treatment center. Records of patient charts and the TerraView software were used, respectively, for data collection and geographic mapping of the cases from the twelve established State development regions. Results: A total incidence of 3.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants was found, with a predominance of the disease among males, a median age of 47 years, a mestizo ethnicity, with elementary schooling and residence in urban area. Microregional incidence varied, but there was no significant variation in numbers over the years, and no relevant socio-environmental determinants were identified. Conclusion: The present study determined the incidence and characterized the spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cases over a decade in a northeastern Brazilian state. The variation in the incidence rate by region of development is compatible with a homogeneous distribution of the cases. The work is a baseline study to be used for present and future analyses of the impact of the state economic development poles and the occurrence of this chronic malignant disease.